Subperiosteal Implants: Compare Subperiosteal Dental Implant vs. Endosteal Implant

Are you considering dental implants but facing challenges with bone density? Subperiosteal implants might be the solution you’re looking for.

Unlike traditional implants that require sufficient jawbone density, subperiosteal implants are placed beneath the gum line but above the jawbone. This makes them ideal for patients with insufficient bone who cannot undergo bone grafting.

In this article, we will explore the advantages and disadvantages of subperiosteal implants, the procedure, recovery, and if they might be the right choice for you.

What are Subperiosteal Implants?

Subperiosteal implants are a type of dental implant designed for patients who lack sufficient bone density in the jaw. These implants are placed under the gum tissue but above the jawbone, unlike traditional endosteal implants which are inserted directly into the bone.

A subperiosteal implant consists of a custom-made metal framework that fits over the jawbone. Small posts protrude through the gums to support artificial teeth. This design makes subperiosteal implants an excellent option for patients who cannot undergo bone grafting or have significant bone loss due to conditions like periodontal disease or trauma.

Key benefits of subperiosteal implants include:

No Bone Grafting Required: Eliminates the need for bone grafting procedures, making the process quicker and less invasive.
Suitable for Low Bone Density: Ideal for patients with insufficient jawbone density who are not candidates for traditional implants.
Custom Fit: The metal frame is custom-made to fit the patient’s jaw, ensuring a stable and natural-looking result.
Versatility: Can replace one or multiple missing teeth or support full arch restorations.

Despite these advantages, subperiosteal implants are less commonly used today due to advancements in bone grafting and other implant technologies.

Advantages of Subperiosteal Implants

Subperiosteal implants offer a unique alternative for patients who cannot receive traditional dental implants due to insufficient bone. Placed under the gum but above the jawbone, these implants provide a stable and customizable foundation for dental restorations. Read on to discover how subperiosteal implants can enhance your oral health and restore your smile.

No Bone Grafting Required: Simplifies the implant process by eliminating the need for bone grafting procedures.
Suitable for Low Bone Density: Ideal for patients with inadequate jawbone density who are not candidates for traditional implants.
Custom Fit: Each implant is custom-made to fit the patient’s jaw, ensuring a comfortable and natural appearance.
Stable and Durable: Anchored to the jawbone with small posts, providing a strong and lasting foundation for replacement teeth.
Versatile Application: Can replace single or multiple missing teeth or support full arch restorations.
Easy Maintenance: Can be cleaned and maintained like natural teeth, promoting good oral hygiene.

Disadvantages of Subperiosteal Implants

While subperiosteal implants offer several benefits, they also come with some potential drawbacks. Understanding these disadvantages can help you make an informed decision about whether this type of implant is right for you.

Invasive Implant Surgery: The procedure is more invasive than other types of implants, leading to more pain and a longer recovery time.
Higher Risk of Infection: Being placed under the gum tissue increases the risk of infection, especially if the implant becomes loose or shifts.
Limited Implant Placement: Suitable only for patients with insufficient bone density, not all patients are ideal candidates.
Cost: These implants can be more expensive due to the complexity of the surgical procedure and custom fabrication.
Limited Long-Term Data: There is less long-term data on their effectiveness and longevity compared to other implants.
Complexity: Requires a higher level of expertise and skill from the dentist, and not all dentists are trained to place these implants.

Success Rate of Subperiosteal Implants

Subperiosteal implants demonstrate a high short-term success rate. According to a systematic review, 97.8% of these implants remained functional after a mean follow-up period of 21.4 months.

However, complications such as soft tissue infections and partial implant exposure were noted in some cases. While short-term results are promising, further studies are necessary to evaluate the long-term performance and clinical behavior of subperiosteal implants (SpringerOpen).

How are Subperiosteal Dental Implants Placed?

The placement of subperiosteal implants is a detailed procedure involving several stages:

Initial Consultation: The implant dentist evaluates the patient’s oral health, takes X-rays or 3D images, and creates a detailed model of the jawbone.
Custom Framework Creation: A metal framework is custom-made to fit the exact contours of the patient’s jawbone.
Surgical Procedure: Under local anesthesia, the dentist makes an incision in the gums to expose the jawbone.
Implant Placement: The custom-made metal frame is carefully positioned over the jawbone, with posts protruding through the gums.
Suturing: The gums are then sutured around the posts to secure the implant in place.
Healing Period: The implant is left to heal and integrate with the bone, which usually takes several weeks.
Prosthetic Attachment: After healing, prosthetic teeth are attached to the posts, completing the restoration.

During the healing period, patients must follow post-operative care instructions to ensure proper healing and avoid complications. Regular follow-up appointments are scheduled to monitor the implant’s integration and overall oral health.

Subperiosteal Implants Cost

The cost of subperiosteal implants varies based on several factors, including the complexity of the case, the surgeon’s expertise, and the geographic location of the dental practice.

Generally, subperiosteal implants are more expensive than traditional endosteal implants due to the custom fabrication of the metal framework and the more complex surgical procedure.

Patients can expect to pay anywhere from $5,000 to $25,000 for the entire process, which includes consultation, imaging, surgery, and the final prosthetic teeth. Insurance coverage may vary, so it’s essential to check with your provider.

Why Dentists Rarely Use Subperiosteal Implants Today?

Dentists rarely use subperiosteal implants today due to advancements in dental implant technology and bone grafting techniques.

Traditional endosteal implants, which are placed directly into the jawbone, have become more accessible even for patients with low bone density, thanks to bone grafting procedures.

Additionally, subperiosteal implants involve a more complex and invasive surgical procedure, higher costs, and an increased risk of complications such as infection. These factors, combined with the need for specialized training to place subperiosteal implants, have led to their decreased usage.

Advancements in Dentistry About Type of Dental Implants

Recent advancements in dental implant technology have significantly broadened treatment options and improved outcomes. Key developments include:

Endosteal Implants: These are the most common type, placed directly into the jawbone. Innovations in materials, such as titanium and zirconia, have enhanced their durability and biocompatibility.
Zygomatic Implants: Ideal for patients with severe bone loss in the upper jaw, these implants anchor into the cheekbone.
Mini Dental Implants: Smaller in diameter, these implants offer a less invasive option for stabilizing dentures.
All-On-4 Implants: This technique uses four strategically placed implants to support a full arch of teeth, providing a stable and efficient solution for complete tooth replacement.

These advancements have made dental implants more accessible and successful for a wider range of patients.

Subperiosteal Implants vs. Endosteal Implants and Zygoma Implants